The electricity corporation of nigeria ecn was established in 1951, while the first 2kv line was constructed in 1962, linking ijora power station to ibadan power station. A pressure group very rarely nominates candidates for elections to public of. During this period 12 students volunteered to participate in four focus group discussions on the effectiveness of the pedagogy in their classrooms. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast. The world factbook countrylocation locator map modal. However, it has been a matter of academic enquiry since the 1950s. Students as the pressure group 161 pressure groups act on two different levels. Pressure groups allow us to influence the government and so let us become more directly involved with how things are run in our lives. Jan 23, 2015 mergers and acquisitions are part of strategic management of any business. It involves consolidation of two businesses with an aim to increase market share, profits and influence in the industry. Specifically, the group managing director, vitafoam nigeria plc, taiwo a adeniyi, in an interview with the guardian, said the share price of the company remained stagnant at n2. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Dec 21, 2016 academic staff union for universities or asuu campaign for democracy or cd civil liberties organization or clo committee for the defense of human rights or cdhr constitutional right project or crp human right africa national association of democra. The population is roughly balanced between muslims and christians with a small minority of those who practice indigenous beliefs.
Royal dutch shell group was established in 1907, as a result of a merger between. Pro v do pressure groups undermine or enhance the institutions of british democracy. Sometimes pressure groups might be seen as a threat to democracy because a relatively small, unelected group of individuals can force a change in the law. They vary enormously in their motivation, size, organisation and degree of activity. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among nigerians in port. Mar 17, 2009 a powerpoint presentation to introduce pressure groups to gcse students. Nigeria currently generates approximately 81,122 mwh or 3,380 mwhh of electricity for national consumption, which is far less than the daily electricity demand of the country, leading to a need. What is the difference between pressure groups, civil. How to reposition nigerias manufacturing sector for. Besides the very many scientific uncertainties associated with global warming, which make it harder to develop a consensus on appropriate policy action skolnikoff 1990, there are also the economic costs that are perceived to be involved, and the scale of economic. This is a list of pressure groups in the united kingdom. From the start the fact that that the three main parties the northern peoples congress npc, the national council of nigerian citizens ncnc and the action group ag largely represented particular ethnic and linguistic groups made for a volatile political environment.
Additionally, nigeria is extremely diverse, with more than 350 ethnic groups. They vary considerably in terms of size, wealth and influence. Southern lowlands comprised of mangrove swamps, deltas, and lagoons merge into. Jan 20, 20 it willof course serve as a valuable reading guide to students of politicalparties and pressure groups in nigeria and all other nigeriansinterested in nigerian government and politics. Politics of merger of political parties in nigeria. The outcome of this affiliation was the success of the general strike of 1945. However, the fourth republic in nigeria has also witnessed rise in their activities. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. The effect of control measures in the power sector reforms. Pressure groups and democratic process in nigeria 1979 1993 organized labour has had cause to participate in party politics, particularly with its affiliation to the national council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc in 1944. Nigeria in 1929 with the construction of a hydroelectric power station at kurra near jos in plateau state.
The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 4 about the authors olivier guitta is the director of research at the henry jackson society, responsible for setting the strategic agenda for the research department and overseeing the societys academic focus, as well as conducting his. Its seven most populous cities each house more than one million people, and about one out of two west africans is from nigeria. All you need to know about the types of pressure groups in nigeria. These pressure groups, based on their relationship with united kingdom policy makers, can be divided. Text book on political parties and pressure groups full. On the others hand, they exert indirect pressure on the populace to. Apr 20, 2020 all you need to know about the types of pressure groups in nigeria. On the one hand, they exert direct pressure on government organs, cabinet ministers, members of parliament and high administrative officials. The origins of political parties are closely associated assumptions.
How does political risk affect international business. Nigeria political pressure groups and leaders government. After the british government assumed direct control of the royal niger companys territories, the northern areas were renamed the protectorate of northern nigeria, and the land in the niger delta and along the lower reaches of the river was added to the niger coast protectorate, which was renamed the protectorate of southern nigeria. I will discuss the role and influence they have to a democratically elected government on implementing policies. Whereas political parties seek to win control of government, pressure groups seek to influence those who have won control of government. Download citation politics of merger of political parties in nigeria. They are groups of people who believe they have the same cause and want to change something in our communities and society.
If your blood pressure is between 12080 mmhg and 12980 mmhg, you have elevated blood pressure. Classification of pressure groups in india business groups pressure group of nonresident indians trade unions the peasants pressure groups students pressure groups professional pressure groups caste, community and religious pressure groups pressure groups based on gandhian philosophy miscellaneous pressure groups. Academic staff union for universities or asuu campaign for democracy or cd civil liberties organization or clo committee for the defense of human rights or cdhr constitutional right project or crp human right africa national association of democra. Congress of south african trade unions or cosatu sdumo dlamini south african communist party or sacp blade nzimande south african national civic organization or sanco richard mdakane note. Extraordinary federal republic of nigeria official gazette no. Nigeria a very popular country in africa and the world. Political parties and threats of democratic reversal in nigeria, journal of africa election, vol. South africa political pressure groups and leaders. On the contrary, a civil society organisation has a wider representation in terms o.
Development strategy for nigeria moses akpobasah at a 2day nigeria meeting organized by the overseas development institute, london, 1617 june 2004 contact. As groups are so diverse, which types have the most positive impact, and which the least positive. Pressure groups in the international system foreign affairs. Christian association of nigeria can, muslim students society mss anomic pressure group. Pressure groups and the democratic process in nigeria 19791993. The height of their activities was during the military rule when the political environment was too restrictive on their activities leading to the banning of some of the pressure groups. The niger delta authority nda was established in 1962 with a. Pressure groups operate in the uk and in other countries across the world trying to make changes in various areas. This country ranks among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest population. Pressure groups and the democratic process in nigeria. This is an unorganized group or action group working against the decisions of the government. Cons of pressure groups pressure groups tend to take away attention from elections people only have a limited amount of time to involve themselves in politics. The importance of pressure groups by margherita gabriele.
Pressure groups are voluntary organizations formed to defend a particular interest in a society or to promote cause or political position. Pressure groups a conceptual analysis the politics of pressure groups is not a novel political phenomenon. Its coast lies on the gulf of guinea in the south and it borders lake chad to the northeast. Political risk in international business refers to political factors that have an impact on the companys value and can affect how the company operates and stays profitable.
Nigeria has at least six cities with populations greater than 1 million, making controlled urbanization a significant challenge for the country. The issue of global climate change presents environmental ngos with a particularly difficult set of obstacles and challenges. Pdf electricity generation and distribution in nigeria. A powerpoint presentation to introduce pressure groups to gcse students. Academic staff union for universities or asuu campaign for democracy or cd civil liberties organization or clo committee for the defense of human rights or cdhr. What are some examples of pressure groups in nigeria. The nigerian bar association, nigerian union of teachers, and market women associations are examples of pressure groups in nigeria. There are lots of different pressure groups around the world. Definitions and meaningit should be noted that politics derives from the greek word. Ap comparative government and politics nigeria briefing paper.
Nigeria department of field support cartographic section map no. Among the politically active and influential organizations and interest groups are the trade union congress tuc, the ghana bar association gba, the christian council of ghana ccg, the catholic bishops conference cbc, the ghana journalists association, the national union of ghanaian students nugs, the regional houses of chiefs, and the national house of chiefs. Pressure groups in nigeria types and facts information. Northern nigeria for a period of 15 weeks spread over three years. Pressure groups are quite distinct from political parties. Pressure groups and policy process in nigeria global advanced. Mar 20, 2017 pressure groups are a collectivity of individuals sharing common interests and putting pressure on the government from outside towards the fulfillment of the same. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. Mergers and acquisitions are complex processes which require preparing, analysis and deliberation. Students as the pressure group in pakistans politics 1947. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria.
This is intuitive, since cost benefit analysis encourages spreading risk while ideally reaping the same level benefit for all groups, such as regime change or pressure on a common enemy. The case studies are mainly of organizations centered in the west but aimed at the whole world, such as the antiapartheid movement, amnesty international, oxfam and friends of the earth, and each is written by an active believer in the cause. An addition to the growing literature on transnational actors in world politics, in this case nongovernmental interest or pressure groups. Some pressure groups may be more important to the british policy process than others. B trade unions may be invariably described as pressure groups. Insuch a system, it makes sense for smaller parties to combine. There are a lot of parties who might be affected by a merger or an acquisition, like government. Should there be more scrutiny of pressure groups role, including their own internal democracy. The yoruba people are predominant in the southwest. The effect of the first office blood pressure reading fbpr on hypertensionrelated decisions was evaluated using blood pressure bp readings taken with the bptru bpm100 device. Since achieving independence in 1960 nigeria has oscillated between periods of civilian and military rule. Examples of pressure groups pressure groups are active in almost every aspect of australian politics. In the twentieth century, a new concept crept up gradually into political research, viz. It willof course serve as a valuable reading guide to students of politicalparties and pressure groups in nigeria and all other nigeriansinterested in nigerian government and politics.
Global warming and environmental pressure groups global. Cosatu and sacp are in a formal alliance with the african national congress. Nigeria is the most populous cou ntry in africa, the second biggest economy, the third largest military power and the biggest oil producer 10th oil producer in the world. Pdf electricity generation and the present challenges in. Other major ethnic groups of the north are the nupe, tiv, and kanuri.
But the cut in interest rates will put pressure on the naira as rising interest rates in the us and europe and uncertainty over the 2019 elections will. The past and present efforts to evolve two major parties. Nigerias ethnic and religious communities have challenged the legitimacy of. On the others hand, they exert indirect pressure on the populace to produce a public attitude. Examples include changes in interest rates, civil unrest, government actions and issues with importing or exporting goods. The effect of the first office blood pressure reading on. Nigeria is a country where citizens stand up to fight for their rights. Pressure groups, policy process, nigeria and fourth republic. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. Observations, research journals and focus groups were used to collect data for the study. List of pressure groups in the united kingdom wikipedia. Pressure groups have existed in nigeria even before independence. Congress apc in 20 ahead of 2015 election reenacted an already existing trend in nigerian politics referred to as politics of merger of political parties. Having blood pressure that is slightly higher than normal increases your risk for developing chronic, or longlasting, high blood pressure in the future.
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